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| Graceton, A Coal Company Patch Town
(ca.1886- ? ), Located on the Indiana Branch of the Western Pennsylvania Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and on the Hoodlebug Line of the Indiana Electric Railway, Interurban Streetcar Line, Graceton, Center Twp., Indiana Co.,PA Owners: (ca.1886- ? ), George A. Mikesell Company, Mikesell Station, PA (ca.1888- ? ), Guthrie, Graff & Company, Blairsville, PA (ca.1892- ? ), McCreary Coal & Coke Company, Graceton, PA (ca.1898- ? ), McCreary Coke Company, Graceton, PA (ca.1900- ? ), Graceton Coke Company, Graceton, PA [A subsidary of Youngstown Steel Company, Youngstown, OH] (ca.1905- ? ), Graceton Coke Company, Graceton, PA (ca.1920- ? ), Graceton Coal and Coke Company, Graceton, PA [A subsidary of Vinton Colliey Company, New York, NY.] (ca.1936- ? ), Coal Mining Company of Graceton, Graceton, PA (ca.1945-1953), Smith & Burns Company, Graceton, PA [Leased the works from the Coal Mining Company of Graceton.]
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| A portion of the U.S.G.S. Indiana, PA 15min.
quad Map 1902 ed. showing the Graceton Mine & Coke Works. The map
shows the two coke plants of the Graceton Coke Works, the ovens show up as
heavy dashed lines. (Courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.) |
| DESCRIPTION: Graceton, A Coal Company Patch Town: The coal patch town of Graceton is located in southern Center Township, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, three miles south of Homer City, PA. The roughly forty houses constructed for the coal miners and their families and the coke workers and their families were arranged on three main streets paralleling the Indiana-Blairsville Road, presentday PA Rt. 119. The Indiana Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad served the Graceton Mines & Coke Works. The Indiana County Street-railway line provided trolley service between Indiana & Blairsville, however, all that remains of both are the railbeds, with portions of both destroyed. The Graceton coke works bee-hive coke oven sites, across present PA Rt. 119, were reclaimed in the summer of 1990. About thirty of the original miners houses survived in ca.1993. Most were bult on two plans. The more comon houses were two family houses, and two stories in height, with entrances on either sides of the facade sheltered only by small stoops. The houses were clad in french-lap asbestos shingle siding, and are topped by side-gable roofs. One-story original shed sections extend across the rear; behind these, were small porches. Many of the proches have been enclosed. The other type of houses are of a similiar plan, but are somewhat larger, and have half-hipped porches across the front and larger rear porches. The widening of PA Rt. 119 to four lanes in ca.2004 has destroyed most of the remaining evidence of the Indiana Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad bed that served the Graceton mines and coke works. The roadbed of the Indiana Electric Railway Hoodlebug Line through Graceton is now part of the Indiana County Parks Hoodlebug bike trail. |
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| An early photo of the Village of Graceton
taken from the hill near the Graceton coke works. (Photo courtesy of mining historian John Busovicki of Clymer and the "Indiana Gazette," Indiana, PA.) |
| HISTORY: Albert "Led" Oswalt has spent his entire life at Graceton, and most residents know him best in his role as community postmaster. "Led" explains that, at first, Graceton was known as "Ranson." "When the Pennsylvania Railroad went-through between Blairsville and Indiana, there were no towns at all along the line -- just stations. There was Reed Station, and Rugh Station, and where Graceton is now, that was called Ransom Station. So when Harry McCreary applied to establish a post office here, he put 'Ransom' on the blank, but the application was returned because there was already a town of that name in the hard coal region. So they named the town Graceton. Many people believe that the town was named for a member of the McCreary family, but really, it's a mystery where the name came from. At any rate, the first post office was established here in 1892, and Harry McCreary was the first postmaster." Following the pattern of earlier Jefferson County coal and coke towns, the coal company owned coal patch houses at Graceton soon sheltered families of immigrants who came seeking employment. An 1890 edition of the Indiana Times noted that "there are 200 Italian employees at the old Mikesell Coke Works." In a 1977 interview with Ernest B. Fricke, Ralph McCreary related that his parents, Harry and Zett McCreary, were married in 1894, and at first, lived in Indiana. But "... father was superintendent of the mine and coke plant at Graceton and was installing some kind of machinery for washing and cleaning coal -- something new in the country, really. And the only way he could get to Graceton from Indiana, a nine-mile trip, was to take a train early in the morning and come back on the train late in the evening. "So, because (my father) wanted to be closer to his work he suggested to mother that they move down and live in a company house. She was a good sport and went along with it. I was born in a house at Graceton. In 1898, we moved back to Indiana." When the Graceton Mine & Coke Works was purchased by Youngstown Steel Company, the small coal company patch town of Graceton was filling up rapidly. One resident adds: "many Slovaks, Poles, Croatians and Hungarians also migrated here." "Led" Oswalt recalls, there were 67 double houses here at one time, and a few single houses. And there were nine shanties near the coke ovens -- just one or two rooms. Mostly bachelors lived there." The town of Graceton, like other mining towns of the period, was self-contained. "We had a company store," Oswalt says, "and a pool hall with two bowling alleys in it; the building stood 'till 1938. After a time, the first company store proved small, and they built a new one. After that, the old one was used as a dance hall and basketball court. "We had a Justice of the Peace in town who kept a shoe repair shop; he also had a place in his shop to hold the hearings. Most people shopped at the company store, but a man named Asper kept a dry goods store below town. And another man, a Mr. Pearlstein, had a meat market and grocery store. He was shot and killed when someone-robbed his store, and after that Mike and Ray Rich took over the business." For recreation, "Led" explains, "Most people just stayed in Graceton. Youngstown Steel built a community park for the kids, with swings and slides and a Maypole. On Sunday, the band always practiced there, and people came and sat on the grass to listen. There was always baseball on holidays, and races, and greased pig contests. On Halloween, the men of Graceton would dress up and go to Indiana on the train for the parade. Fair week was a big time too. Special trains ran every 15 minutes between here and Indiana, and they were always filled. "Graceton was a pretty town. There was a fence around the company property, and it was always kept whitewashed. It really looked nice. And although the families in Graceton were always allowed to keep cows and chickens, the front row of houses was restricted -- I guess the company officials thought that made the town look tidier!" |
| (History of the Graceton Mines & Coke
Works, Graceton, Center Twp., Indiana Co., PA, adapted with additional data
from "Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company, The First One Hundred
Years," by Eileen Mountjoy Cooper, formerly of Indiana University of
Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA. Published by Rochester & Pittsburgh
Coal Company, 1982.)
("History of Coke" by Eileen Mountjoy Cooper, formerly of Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA. Published on-line in the series "Coal Dust: The Early Mining Industry of Indiana County" by the Special Collections & Archives Indiana University Library, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA.) (History and description of the Graceton Mines, adapted with additional data from "Indiana County, Pennsylvania: An Inventory of Historic Engineering and Industrial Sites, 1993," America's Industrial Heitage Project, National Park Service, Historic American Buildings Survey / Historic American Engineering Record, U.S. Department of the Interior, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.) |
| Betty Frey of Bloomingdale, New Jersey relates
this story about her grandfather a Graceton miner: My grandfather, Steve Stoklosa, anyd his son, Steve Stoklosa Jr., worked the Graceton Coal Mines for many years and miraculously surivived. As a little girl, while visiting my grandparents in Red Barn, PA, one of my greatest honors was being able to "wash my grandfather's back from the coal dust" after he came home from work. Since there was no running and heated water, in warmer months, the old tin washtub was taken out into the yard and heated water was hand carried to fill the tub maybe 1/3 of the way. My grandfather would be on his hands and knees over the tub and I would vigorously scrub away. He never minded whether I got soapsuds in his ears as I sometimes got carried away with my job, which I looked forward to each and every day he worked. Thanks again for the opportunity to share in the miner's stories. Regards, Betty Frey (The Miners stories of Graceton courtesy of Betty Frey, Grandaughter of Steve Stoklosa, from Bloomingdale, New Jersey) |
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| When Steve Stoklosa first started working
in the Graceton Mines the family lived in a company patch house in the coal
company patch town of Graceton. In the photo taken on the porch of their
company house in Graceton, in the Spring of 1914 are Left to Right: John
Kacmarcik; George Tekely Smith; Elizabeth Smith Stoklosa holding oldest child,
Gertrude, on her lap; Rose Smith (youngest daughter of Geo. Tekely Smith);
Steve Stoklosa; sitting on top step - Joseph Smith (youngest
son of Geo. T. Smith) and also a miner when he grew up. He's only 12 in this
photo. John Kacmarcik is also a miner and the husband of one of my grandmother's (Elizabeth) younger sisters, Mary E. Smith. (Photo courtesy of Betty Frey, Granddaughter of Steve Stoklosa, from Bloomingdale, New Jersey.) |
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Steve Stoklosa, returning after a days work in the Graceton
Mines, in his mining clothes with his lunch bucket, ca.winter 1920's.
Steve Stoklosa and his family lived at Red Barn, a short distance north
of Graceton, towards Homer City. (Photo courtesy of Betty Frey, Granddaughter of Steve Stoklosa, from Bloomingdale, New Jersey.) |
| Another story of a Slovak miner in Graceton: "Jozsef Oravetz arrived in New York City on January 5th, 1907, just two days shy of his 26th birthday. After clearing the immigration hurdles at Ellis Island, he took a ferry to the city and boarded probably the first available train for Graceton, Pennsylvania, where his brother, Sandor Oravetz, was living with his wife, Elizabeth (Javorszky). Sandor worked in the coal mine and got Jozsef a job there; workers were always in short supply, and it did not matter that Jozsef spoke no English, as nearly all the miners were foreigners, and the Slovaks worked together." "The pay at the Graceton mine was good, and Joseph (as he now preferred to spell his name) was quickly able to pay back the money he owed his brother for his passage. By carefully watching what he spent, he managed also to save enough money to send for Maria a mere 15 months or so after his own arrival. Barely 20 years old, she took a train in late September or early October 1908 and travelled to Bremen, where she boarded the S.S. Friedrich der Grosse, leaving behind her father and three sisters; two of her sisters, Josephine and Margaret, would follow her several years later, but it was the last time she ever saw her father. It is not known if her sister, Gizela, was still alive at that time, but her memory was preserved later by Josephine (Lelak) Herpak, who named her only daughter, Gizela (Herpak) Prusak, in her sister's memory." There is a somewhat painful story associated with the arrival of Maria Lelak in the United States. Maria arrived in New York on October 14, 1909, and she lived with Joseph for several months at Sandor's and Elizabeth's house. During the months that he worked in the mines he managed to save enough for Maria's passage to America, and he also accumulated enough money to get married and set up house as soon as she arrived. Under mysterious circumstances, all the money was stolen from its hiding place, thus forcing them to postpone their marriage and prolonging their stay at Sandor's and Elizabeth's house. Joseph and Maria moved to Barnesboro in the early months of 1909 where they were married on March 31, 1909. Maria was already five months pregnant with a child, on her wedding day." |
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| Eighth grade students in 1910 at the old wooden school
building in Graceton. The building housed third through eighth
grade. (Photo courtesy of "The Dispatch," June 7, 2002, Blairsville, PA) |
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| Students at the old wooden school building in Graceton
in 1910. The building housed third through eighth grade. (Photo courtesy of "The Dispatch," June 7, 2002, Blairsville, PA) |
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| Students at the old wooden school building in Graceton
1922. The building housed third through eighth grade. (Photo courtesy of "The Dispatch," June 7, 2002, Blairsville, PA) |
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| Graceton School sixth grade class of 1942-43. (Photo courtesy of "The Dispatch," June 7, 2002, Blairsville, PA) |
| To Select another Index to Indiana County Coal Mines Click on the Larry cars for Index Page or on a Letter below |
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